TRANSFORMASI PERAN PEREMPUAN MUSLIM DI RUANG PUBLIK: ANALISIS SOSIOLOGI HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP NAFKAH DAN RELASI GENDER DALAM KELUARGA MODERN

Abstract

The transformation of Muslim women's roles in the public sphere is a social phenomenon that has evolved alongside changes in modern society. Muslim women are no longer confined to the domestic sphere but are also active in education, economics, social affairs, and other professions. In some circumstances, women even become the primary breadwinners in the family, influencing gender relations and the division of roles in modern Muslim households. This study aims to analyze the transformation of Muslim women's roles in the public sphere, women's role as primary breadwinners, and gender relations within modern families from the perspective of the sociology of Islamic law. The study employed library methods with a qualitative approach and the sociology of Islamic law. Data were obtained from books, journals, and various relevant literature, then analyzed descriptively and analytically. The results show that the transformation of women's roles is influenced by modernization, education, the economy, globalization, social media, and family needs. From an Islamic legal perspective, women are permitted to work as long as they uphold sharia values ​​and family responsibilities. The concept of qiwāmah is understood not as male domination, but rather as a leadership responsibility carried out based on the principles of justice, cooperation, and the common good. Thus, the transformation of Muslim women's roles in the public sphere is part of a social dynamic that needs to be understood contextually within Islamic law.