Kecerdasan Buatan (AI) dalam Pendidikan: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis tentang Peluang, Masalah Etika, dan Implikasi Pedagogis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24260/jpkk.v4i3.5052Kata Kunci:
Artificial Intelligence in Education, Ethical Issues, Pedagogical Implications, Learning Analytics, Systematic ReviewAbstrak
Integrasi cepat Artificial Intelligence (AI) dalam pendidikan menghadirkan peluang sekaligus tantangan yang menuntut kajian kritis terkait nilai pedagogis, implikasi etis, dan transformasinya. Studi ini menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan kerangka PRISMA untuk menganalisis 15 artikel terindeks Scopus yang diterbitkan pada periode 2020-2025 dan diperoleh secara sistematis dari berbagai basis data akademik utama. Hasil studi mengidentifikasi tiga tema utama; pertama, AI menawarkan peluang pedagogis yang signifikan melalui pembelajaran adaptif, umpan balik personal, dan otomatisasi asesmen yang secara kolektif meningkatkan keterlibatan mahasiswa serta mendukung praktik mengajar berbasis data. Kedua, literatur menyoroti tantangan etis berupa privasi data, bias algoritmik, dan kurangnya transparansi dalam pengambilan keputusan otomatis, sehingga menegaskan urgensi pembentukan kerangka etika dan regulasi yang kuat. Ketiga, implikasi pedagogis integrasi AI menuntut pengembangan literasi AI pada pendidik, perancangan ulang strategi pembelajaran, dan kesadaran kritis terhadap peran teknologi dalam membentuk praktik pendidikan. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa meskipun AI memiliki potensi transformatif, riset empiris masih terbatas, khususnya pada konteks pendidikan dasar dan menengah yang belum banyak dieksplorasi. Berbeda dari kajian sebelumnya, studi ini secara khusus memetakan keterkaitan antara peluang pedagogis, isu etis, dan implikasi praktis AI, sehingga memberikan kontribusi teoretis dan praktis yang lebih komprehensif. Dengan demikian, AI tidak hanya dipahami sebagai inovasi teknologi, melainkan sebagai pedoman dalam merumuskan ulang pedagogi, etika, dan tata kelola pada ekosistem pembelajaran digital yang terus berkembang.
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