Plagiarism Policy

All submitted manuscripts are screened for similarity using plagiarism detection software (e.g., Turnitin). Similarity reports are interpreted qualitatively and contextually by the managing editor in consultation with the editorial team, considering legitimate similarities such as references, quotations, legal texts, methodological descriptions, and commonly used phrases.

As a general guideline (not an automatic decision rule), the journal applies the following similarity ranges:

• Similarity index above approximately 40% may indicate extensive overlap and will normally result in rejection due to unacceptable levels of similarity, subject to editorial review.
• Similarity index between approximately 20% and 40% may require substantial revisions. Authors may be required to improve citation practices and enhance paraphrasing in the affected sections.
• Similarity index below approximately 20% is generally considered acceptable, although minor revisions related to citation or paraphrasing may still be required.

In cases requiring revision, authors must resubmit the revised manuscript together with an updated similarity report demonstrating that all concerns have been adequately addressed. Final editorial decisions are based on both the similarity assessment and scholarly judgment, in accordance with the journal’s ethical standards.