The Concept of Iqra' as a Pillar of Islamic Epistemology in Tafsir al-Munir by Wahbah az-Zuhaili

Abstract

This study explores the meaning and scope of the command Iqra’ as the first revealed word in the Qur’an, emphasizing its intellectual and spiritual implications. Far beyond its literal meaning "to read," Iqra’ signifies a comprehensive call to seek knowledge, reflect upon creation, and engage in deep spiritual contemplation. Using a thematic qualitative approach and literature review method, this research analyzes Qur’anic verses containing the term Iqra’—particularly Surah Al-‘Alaq (verses 1 and 3), Al-Isra’ (verse 14), and Al-Haqqah (verse 19)—through the lens of Tafsir al-Munir. The findings reveal that Iqra’ forms the foundation of Islamic epistemology, integrating intellectual pursuit with monotheistic consciousness (tawhid) and ethical responsibility. The study also examines related terms such as qara’a, talā/tilāwah, and kataba, highlighting their conceptual relationship in constructing a Qur’anic worldview. Ultimately, Iqra’ emerges not merely as a command to read but as a profound symbol of the Islamic civilizational awakening rooted in knowledge, faith, and accountability before God.