Ḥusn al-Jawāb ‘an Ithbāt al-Ahillah bi al-Ḥisāb: Basyūnī ‘Imrān’s Method for Standardising the Determination of the Qamariyah Month in the Sultanate of Sambas (1913-1976)

Keywords: Basyūnī ‘Imrān, Hisāb Method, Islamic Astronomy, Qamariyah Month, Sambas Sultanate

Abstract

This article analyses the responses of Basyūnī ‘Imrān (1885-1976), a muftī (jurisconsult) and qādhī (judge) with the title Mahārāja Imām (highest religious official) in the Sambas Sultanate, to the debates surrounding the determination of the beginning of Ramaḍān and Eid al-Fitr at the turn of the twentieth century. The differences arose from conflicting claims of accuracy between two methods, ḥisāb (astronomical calculations) and ruʾyah (physical sighting of the moon), in determining the start of the lunar month among Muslims. Concerned about these issues, Basyūnī ‘Imrān addressed them in his manuscript written in Arabic-Malay (known as Aksara Jawī), titled Ḥusn al-Jawāb ‘an Ithbāt al-Ahillah bi al-Ḥisāb (1933). By employing a historical approach and content analysis of the manuscript, the authors find that Basyūnī ‘Imrān favoured the ḥisāb method for determining the start of the lunar month. In addition to referencing Sūrah al-Raḥmān verse 5, Sūrah Yūnus verse 5, and a hadith narrated by Imām Mālik, Basyūnī ‘Imrān also considered the geographical and social conditions of Muslims to standardise the observance of fasting and Islamic festivals in the Sultanate of Sambas and its surroundings. He argued that differences in determining the start of the lunar month should not lead to divisions among Muslims, as both methods are grounded in the same theological principles. This finding contributes to the history of Islamic legal thought in Indonesia by providing evidence of scholarly efforts to standardise the determination of the lunar month during his tenure as Mahārāja Imām in the Sultanate of Sambas from 1913 to 1976.

[Artikel ini menganalisis respons Basyūnī ‘Imrān (1885-1976), muftī dan qādhī yang bergelar Mahārāja Imām di Kesultanan Sambas, terhadap polemik perbedaan dalam penentuan awal puasa Ramadhan dan hari raya Idul Fitri pada awal abad kedua puluh. Perbedaan tersebut disebabkan saling klaim kebenaran metode, antara ḥisāb dan ruʾyah, dalam penentuan awal bulan Qomariyah di kalangan umat Islam. Prihatin terhadap peristiwa tersebut, Basyūnī ‘Imrān meresponsnya sebagaimana yang tertuang dalam manuskrip berbahasa Arab-Melayu (dikenal sebagai Aksara Jawī) yang berjudul, Ḥusn al-Jawāb ‘an Ithbāt al-Ahillah bi al-Ḥisāb (1933). Dengan menggunakan pendekatan sejarah dan analisis konten manuskrip, para penulis menemukan bahwa Basyūnī ‘Imrān cenderung menggunakan metode ḥisāb dalam penentuan awal bulan Qomariyah. Selain merujuk pada Sūrah al-Raḥmān ayat 5, Sūrah Yūnus ayat 5, dan sebuah hadis yang diriwayatkan oleh Imām Mālik, Basyūnī ‘Imrān juga mempertimbangkan kondisi geografis dan sosial umat Islam untuk menyeragamkan pelaksanaan ibadah puasa dan hari raya Islam di Kesultanan Sambas dan sekitarnya. Menurutnya, perbedaan dalam penentuan awal bulan tersebut tidak boleh menimbulkan perpecahan di antara umat Islam, karena kedua metode tersebut berlandaskan pada dasar teologi yang sama. Temuan ini berkontribusi terhadap sejarah pemikiran hukum Islam di Indonesia dengan memberikan bukti adanya pemikiran ulama yang berupaya menyeragamkan penentuan awal bulan Qomariyah yang diterapkannya ketika menjabat sebagai Mahārāja Imām di Kesultanan Sambas pada tahun 1913 sampai 1976.]

References

Abaza, Mona. “Southeast Asia and the Middle East: Al-Manar and Islamic Modernity.” In From the Mediterranean to the China Sea: Miscellaneous Notes, edited by Claude Guillot, Denys Lombard, and Roderich Ptak. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 1998.

Abdul Hamid, Ahmad Faisal, and Mohd Puaad Abdul Malik. “Analisis Penulisan Syeikh Muhammad Tahir Jalaluddin dalam Kitab Ta’yid Tadhkirah Muttabi’ al-Sunnah.” Journal of Al-Tamaddun 12, no. 1 (2017): 67–78. https://doi.org/10.22452/JAT.vol12no1.5.

Adan, Hasanuddin Yusuf, Iskandar Iskandar, Husaini Ibrahim, Sutri Helfianti, and Rosmawati Rosmawati. “Islam and the Foundation of the State in Indonesia: The Role of the Masyumi Party in the Constituent Assembly the Perspective of Fiqh al-Siyāsah.” Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam 7, no. 1 (31 March 2023): 377–98. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i1.16650.

Akbar, Reza, Aslan Aslan, and Riza Afrian Mustaqim. “Qibla Direction Calculation Methods in Islamic Astronomy References in Indonesia.” AHKAM: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 22, no. 2 (31 December 2022): 385–410.

Ali, Muhamad. “Nationalism and Islam: Perspective of Egyptian and Syrian Muslim Intellectuals.” Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies 4, no. 1 (2014): 51–79. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v4i1.51-79.

Alimuddin, Alimuddin. “Hijriyah Months and the Construction of Religious Moderation in the Sombaopu Community of Gowa, South Sulawesi.” Al-’Adalah 20, no. 1 (25 June 2023): 137–56. https://doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v20i1.16818.

Al-Zuḥailī, Wahbah. Al-Fiqh al-Islamī wa Adillatuh. Vol. 2. 8 vols. Damsyik: Dār Al-Fikr, 1985.

Ansori, Ansori. “Position of Fatwa in Islamic Law: The Effectiveness of MUI, NU, and Muhammadiyah Fatwas.” Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam dan Kemanusiaan 22, no. 1 (29 July 2022): 53–72. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v22i1.53-72.

Ardhi, Gusti Mahyuddin. “Muhammad Basiuni Imran 1883-1976: Maharaja Imam Kerajaan Sambas Rekonstruksi Pemikiran Keagamaan dan Politik Kenegaraan.” In Sastrawan Nusantara Ke XI di Bandar Sri Begawan. Brunei Darussalam, 2001.

Arifin, Jaenal. “Proses Penentuan Awal Ramadhan, Syawal, dan Dzulhijjah di Indonesia: Sinergi antara Independensi Ilmuwan dan Otoritas Penguasa.” Jurnal Penelitian 13, no. 1 (21 June 2019): 37–70. https://doi.org/10.21043/jp.v13i1.4892.

Asman, Asman, and Resali bin Muda. “Marriage Agreement Controversy in Indonesia-Malaysia Border Communities in Sambas Regency.” El-Mashlahah 13, no. 1 (30 June 2023): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.23971/el-mashlahah.v13i1.4382.

Asman, and Nur Syamsiah. “History of Muhammad Basiuni Imran as Head of Sharī’ah Court Office in the Implementation of Islamic Law in Sambas 1951-1955 West Kalimantan.” Jurnal Syariah 30, no. 2 (13 June 2023): 175–205. https://doi.org/10.22452/syariah.vol30no2.3.

Azra, Azyumardi. “Understanding Indonesia’s “Third Way” Islam.” In Wars of Ideas: Theology, Interpretation and Power in the Muslim World, edited by Ilan Berman. United Kingdom: Rowman & Littlefield, 2020.

Bruinessen, Martin van. “Basyuni ’Imran (Muhammad Basyuni b. Muhammad `Imran, Sambas, West Borneo, 1885-1953).” In Dictionnaire Biographique des Savants et Grandes Figures Du Monde Musulman Périphérique, Du XIXe Siècle à Nos Jours. Paris: CNRS-EHESS, 1992.

Burhani, Ahmad Najib. “Sectarian Translation of the Qur’an in Indonesia: The Case of the Ahmadiyya.” Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 53, no. 2 (10 December 2015): 251–82. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2015.532.251-282.

Burhanudin, Jajat. “Chapter 3 Halal Practices at the Dawn of Southeast Asian Modernity: Some Cases of Halal Fatwa in al-Manār in the Beginning of the Twentieth Century.” In Rethinking Halal: Genealogy, Current Trends, and New Interpretations, edited by Ayang Utriza Yakin and Louis-Léon Christians, 56–79. Leiden Boston (Mass.): Brill, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004459236.

———. Islam dalam Arus Sejarah Indonesia. Jakarta: Prenada Media, 2017.

———. “The Triumph of the Second Leaders: Ahmad Khatib and Rashīd Riḍā in Islamic Reform in Indonesia.” Afkaruna: Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Studies 17, no. 2 (24 December 2021): 170–201. https://doi.org/10.18196/afkaruna.v17i2.12554.

Fathaniah, Fathaniah, and Primatasha Desvira Dizza. “The Role of H. Wan Mohd. Shaghir Abdullah in Islamic Education in West Kalimantan.” Khatulistiwa 12, no. 2 (2022): 114–27. https://doi.org/10.24260/khatulistiwa.v12i2.2395.

Firdaus, Zein, Muhammad Marbawi, and Muhammad Wildan Afif. “Banjar Cultural Marriage Taboos and Analysis of the Prohibition of Marriage in Kitabun Nikah by Sheikh Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari.” El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga 6, no. 1 (1 July 2023): 183–92. https://doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v6i1.18961.

Hakim, Muhammad Lutfi. “Ismail Mundu on Islamic Law of Inheritance: A Content Analysis of Majmū‘ al-Mīrāth fī Ḥukm al-Farā’iḍ.” Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 61, no. 1 (30 June 2023): 59–79. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2023.611.59-79.

Hamka. Tafsir Al-Azhar. Singapura: Pustaka Nasional PTE LTD, 2003.

Hanna, Siti, Ahmad Mukri Aji, Ahmad Tholabi, and Muhammad Amin. “Woman and Fatwa: An Analytical Study of MUI’s Fatwa on Women’s Health and Beauty.” AHKAM: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 24, no. 1 (30 June 2024): 171–84. https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v24i1.37832.

Helim, Abdul. “Hamka’s Legal Methodology on Hisab–Ru’yah in His Book “Saya Kembali ke Ru’yah”.” JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah) 23, no. 2 (12 July 2024): 215–26. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v23i2.11952.

Helim, Abdul, Rafik Patrajaya, Nadirsyah Hosen, Arifki Budia Warman, and Wafid Syuja’ Vennovary Benevolent. “Fiqh Reference Patterns of the Majelis Taklim in Central Kalimantan.” El-Mashlahah 14, no. 1 (30 June 2024): 169–88. https://doi.org/10.23971/el-mashlahah.v14i1.7872.

Herlambang, Saifuddin. “Hamka, Social Criticism and the Practices of Polygamy in Minangkabau.” Al-Albab 9, no. 1 (8 June 2020): 69–86. https://doi.org/10.24260/alalbab.v9i1.1593.

Herlambang, Saifuddin, Abdel Kadir Naffati, Ihsan Nurmansyah, and Sherli Kurnia Oktaviana. “The Translation of the Qur’an in Sambas Script: A Studi on Jawi and Latin Script by Muhammad Basiuni Imran.” Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan 21, no. 2 (11 December 2023): 325–252. https://doi.org/10.31291/jlka.v21i2.1117.

Herlambang, Saifuddin, and Wendi Parwanto. “Paradigm Shifts in the Interpretation of Heaven Illustration Among Indonesian Mufassir: A Comparative Analysis of as-Singkili, Hamka, and M. Quraish.” Jurnal Studi Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Qur’an dan Hadis 24, no. 1 (7 April 2023): 181–204. https://doi.org/10.14421/qh.v24i1.4454.

Hidayat, Syahrul, and Kevin W. Fogg. “Profil Anggota: H. Mohd. Basioeni Bin H. Imran.” Konstituante.Net, 1 January 2018. https://www.konstituante.net/id/profile/MASJUMI_mohd_basioeni.

Hosen, Abdul Jalil, Abd Wahed, Ach Muzayyin, and Ziyad Ravaşdeh. “Tagyîr Mawdhî’ Inhirâf Qiblat al-Masjid fî Bamîkasân ‘alâ Asasi al-Tiknôlôjiyya al-Mutaqaddimah: al-Tahlîla al-Ijtimâ’î wa al-Tsaqafî.” AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial 18, no. 2 (2023): 591–625. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v18i2.8939.

Idris, Jaffer, Charlotte Rowley, and M. Jabar Yaqub. “Religious Events: Celebrating Eid-al-Fitr as a Family.” In Family Events: Practices, Displays and Intimacies, edited by Thomas Fletcher, 117–29. London: Routledge, 2022. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003051190-11.

‘Imrān, Muḥammad Basyūnī. Ḥusn al-Jawāb ‘an Ithbāt al-Ahillah bi al-Ḥisāb. Kuala Lumpur: Khazanah Fathaniyah, 2022.

Ipansyah, Nor, Hamdan Mahmud, Ruslan Ruslan, and Anwar Hafidzi. “Determination of Sekufu in the Kitabun Nikah al-Banjari.” Syariah: Jurnal Hukum dan Pemikiran 21, no. 1 (14 April 2021): 125–33. https://doi.org/10.18592/sjhp.v21i1.6835.

Iqbal, Muhammad. “Arsyad al-Banjari: A Banjarese Shāfiʿī Scholar.” In Arsyad al-Banjari’s Insights on Parallel Reasoning and Dialectic in Law, 111–20. Springer, Cham, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91676-3_4.

Jabbar, Luqman Abdul. “Tafsir al-Quran Pertama di Kalimantan Barat (Studi Naskah Kuno Tafsir Surat Tujuh Karya Maharaja Imam Kerajaan Sambas 1883-1976).” Jurnal Khatulistiwa: Journal of Islamic Studies 5, no. 1 (2015): 100–11. https://doi.org/10.24260/khatulistiwa.v5i1.409.

Jaelani, Jaelani, and Risa Risa. “Islamic Thoughts of Sambas Ulama of the 19th and 20th Centuries: Typology of Thoughts of Ahmad Khatib Sambas and Muhammad Basiuni Imran.” Jurnal Alwatzikhoebillah: Kajian Islam, Pendidikan, Ekonomi, Humaniora 9, no. 2 (21 July 2023): 503–17. https://doi.org/10.37567/alwatzikhoebillah.v9i2.1800.

Jamil, A., Sakirman Sakirman, and Moelki Fahmi Ardliansyah. “Penentuan Arah Kiblat dengan Posisi Matahari di Pusat Ibu Kota Kabupaten Lampung.” Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam 16, no. 1 (30 May 2022): 133–52. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v16i1.6169.

Junaidi, Ahmad. “Syahadah Rukyatulhilal Using Astro Digital Imaging: From Subjectivity to Objectivity.” De Jure: Jurnal Hukum dan Syar’iah 14, no. 1 (29 June 2022): 58–74. https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v14i1.15062.

Kasim, A Jusran, Ahmad Abbas, Nurul Adhha, and Iin Mutmainnah. “Determination of Hijri Calendar in Islamic History and Its Criteria in Southeast Asia.” Journal of Al-Tamaddun 19, no. 1 (2024): 247–59. https://doi.org/10.22452/JAT.vol19no1.18.

Laffan, Michael Francis. Islamic Nationhood and Colonial Indonesia: The Umma below the Winds. New York: Routledge, 2003.

Machzumy. “Pengaruh Curah Hujan terhadap Keberhasilan Rukyat Hilal pada Observatorium Lhoknga Aceh.” SAMARAH: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam 3, no. 1 (9 August 2019): 223–39. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v3i1.5061.

Mahrus, Erwin. Falsafah dan Gerakan Pendidikan Islam: Maharaja Imam Sambas, Muhammad Basiuni Imran 1885-1976. Pontianak: STAIN Pontianak Press, 2007.

Mahrus, Erwin, Zaenuddin Hudi Prasojo, and B. Busro. “Messages of Religious Moderation Education in Sambas Islamic Manuscripts.” Madania: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman 24, no. 1 (30 June 2020): 39–48. https://doi.org/10.29300/madania.v24i1.3283.

Makinara, Ihdi Karim, Jamhuri Ungel, and Fitrah Arrazi. “Physical Handicap as a Reason for Divorce: Case Study at the Sharia Court, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.” El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga 6, no. 2 (30 December 2023): 318–34. https://doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v6i2.7836.

Mālik, Imām. Al-Muwathatha’. Madinah Press, 1989.

Marwadi, Marwadi, Rina Heriyanti, and Farah Nuril Izza. “The Fiqh of Hisab-Ru’ya in the Twentieth Century Indonesia: Study on the Thoughts of Hamka, Hasbi ash-Shiddieqy, and Moenawar Chalil about the Unification of Hijri Calendar.” Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam 17, no. 1 (6 April 2023): 13–26. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v17i1.7902.

Maskufa, Maskufa, Sopa Sopa, Sri Hidayati, and Adi Damanhuri. “Implementation of the New MABIMS Crescent Visibility Criteria: Efforts to Unite the Hijriyah Calendar in the Southeast Asian Region.” AHKAM: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 22, no. 1 (30 June 2022): 209–36. https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v22i1.22275.

Mufid, Abdul, and Thomas Djamaluddin. “The Implementation of New Minister of Religion of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore Criteria towards the Hijri Calendar Unification.” HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies 79, no. 1 (30 June 2023): a8774. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v79i1.8774.

Mufid, Abdul, Ahmad Zaiyadi, Habsatun, and Muhammad Iqbal Fasa. “Unification of Global Hijrah Calendar in Indonesia: An Effort to Preserve the Maqasid Sunnah of the Prophet (SAW).” Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization 10, no. 2 (25 November 2020): 17–36. https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.102.02.

Muhammadin, Fajri Matahati, and Fairuz el-Mechwar. “Masyumi’s “Djihad dan Qitaal” and Islamic Laws of War: Ahead of Its Time?’ AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial 18, no. 2 (15 October 2023): 320–41. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v18i2.6187.

Mujahidin, Anwar, Muhammad Shohibul Itmam, and Ahmad Choirul Rofiq. “The Dynamic of Contextualization in Indonesian Qur’anic Tafsirs: A Comparative Study of Tafsir al-Azhar and Tafsir al-Mishbāh on the Story of the Prophet Moses.” Jurnal Studi Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Qur’an dan Hadis 25, no. 2 (15 August 2024): 221–46. https://doi.org/10.14421/qh.v25i2.5397.

Musonnif, Ahmad. “In Search of the Moon: The Hisab, Ru’yah, and Kashf.” Epistemé: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman 16, no. 02 (31 December 2021): 105–25. https://doi.org/10.21274/epis.2021.16.02.105-125.

Muttaqin, Azmi. “Determination of the Beginning of Ramadhan and Syawal in Indonesia (An Overview of Political and Historical Perspectives).” Journal of Islamic Studies and Humanities 7, no. 2 (2022): 131–47. https://doi.org/10.21580/jish.v7i2.11882.

Nasrullah, Nasrullah, Ahmad M Sewang, Syamsudduha Syamsudduha, and Nurman Said. “Pembaruan Pemikiran Pendidikan Islam Muhammad Basiuni Imran (1906-1976 M).” Jurnal Diskursus Islam 6, no. 1 (24 April 2018): 135–55. https://doi.org/10.24252/jdi.v6i1.7056.

Nur Ichwan, Moch. “Differing Responses to an Ahmadi Translation and Exegesis. The Holy Qur’ân in Egypt and Indonesia.” Archipel 62, no. 1 (2001): 143–61. https://doi.org/10.3406/arch.2001.3668.

Parwanto, Wendi, Engku Ahmad Zaki Engku Alwi, Isaac Danoso, Rukayyah Reichling, and Maria Carolina Gonçalves. “The Pattern of Sufism on Interpretation of Q.S. al-Fatihah in the Tafsir Manuscript by M. Basiuni Imran Sambas, West Kalimantan.” QiST: Journal of Quran and Tafseer Studies 2, no. 2 (17 March 2023): 163–79. https://doi.org/10.23917/qist.v2i2.1472.

Rahiman, Nurul Syakirah, Mohd Saiful Anwar Mohd Nawawi, and Raihana Abdul Wahab. “Analisis Perbandingan Konsep Imkān al-Ru’yah antara Kitab Fatāwā al-Subkī oleh Taqī al-Dīn al-Subkī dan al-Fatāwā al-Kubrā oleh Ibn Taymiyyah.” Jurnal Fiqh 18, no. 2 (29 December 2021): 435–66. https://doi.org/10.22452/fiqh.vol18no2.8.

Rahmatullah, Muhammad. Pemikiran Fikih Maharaja Imam Kerajaan Sambas Muhammad Basiuni Imran (1885-1976). Pontianak: Bulan Sabit Press, 2003.

Rahmi, Nailur, and Yoga Agustio. “Pengukuran Arah Kiblat Tempat Ibadah dengan Aplikasi Arah Kiblat dan Azimut Matahari.” JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah) 20, no. 1 (21 June 2021): 47–61. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v20i1.2829.

Ridwan, Ridwan, and Muhammad Fuad Zain. “Religious Symbol on Determining the Beginning and End of Ramadan in Indonesia.” HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies 77, no. 4 (26 July 2021): a6397. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v77i4.6397.

Royyani, Muh Arif, Abdul Mufid, M. Ihtirozun Ni’am, Alfian Qodri Azizi, and Achmad Azis Abidin. “Shahadah ’Ilmy; Integrating Fiqh and Astronomy Paradigm in Determining the Arrival of Lunar Months in Indonesia.” AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial 16, no. 2 (2021): 503–24. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v16i2.5320.

Ryad, Umar. Islamic Reformism and Christianity: A Critical Reading of the Works of Muḥammad Rashīd Riḍā and His Associates (1898-1935). History of Christian-Muslim Relations 12. Leiden: Brill, 2009.

Sajid, Mehdi. “Before Postcolonialism Shakib Arslan’s Response to Colonialism in the Interwar Years.” In Postcolonial Intellectuals in Europe: Critics, Artists, Movements, and Their Publics, edited by Sandra Ponzanesi and Adriano José Habed. New York: Rowman & Littlefield International, 2018.

Salim, Moh. Haitami, Hermansyah, Yapandi, Erwin, Eka Hendry, Zulkifli, and Luqman. Sejarah Kesultanan Sambas, Kalimantan Barat. Jakarta: Puslitbang Lektur dan Khazanah Keagamaan, 2011.

Salman, Abdul Matin bin, Yusuf Baihaqi, and Kusnadi. “Redefining Khabar al-Ahad Based on Rashid Rida’s Rational Approach in al-Manar.” Jurnal Studi Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Qur’an dan Hadis 23, no. 2 (30 July 2022): 219–36. https://doi.org/10.14421/qh.v23i2.2812.

Setyawan, Edy, Ahmad Alamuddin Yasin, and Rahman Dahlan. “Legal Culture Review and Judicial Track Record of the Kesultanan Cirebon in the Manuscript Pepakem Jaksa Pepitu.” Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam dan Kemanusiaan 24, no. 1 (18 July 2024): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v24i1.1-21.

Siregar, Hamka. “Dynamics of Local Islam: Fatwa of Muhammad Basiuni Imran, the Grand Imam of Sambas, on the Friday Prayer Attended by Fewer than Forty People.” Al-Albab 2, no. 2 (1 December 2013): 187–202. https://doi.org/10.24260/alalbab.v2i2.35.

Sunandar, Sunandar. “Resonansi Maharaja Imam Muhammad Basiuni Imran (1885-1976) di Sambas.” Medina-Te: Jurnal Studi Islam 15, no. 1 (2 August 2019): 75–91. https://doi.org/10.19109/medinate.v15i1.3542.

Supriyanto, Supriyanto. “Periodisation of the Philosophy of Islamic Rationalism in the Perspective of Zaki Naguib Mahmud.” HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies 79, no. 1 (23 February 2023): a8153. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v79i1.8153.

Syarif. “Corak Pemikiran Islam Borneo (Studi Pemikiran Tokoh Muslim Kalimantan Barat Tahun 1990-2017.” At-Turats: Jurnal Pemikiran Pendidikan Islam 12, no. 1 (2018): 15–31. https://doi.org/10.24260/at-turats.v12i1.939.

Syarif, Syarif, Saifuddin Herlambang, and Bayu Suratman. “Quran Interpretation Methodology, New Media, and Ideological Contestation of Salafi in Sambas.” HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies 79, no. 1 (2023): a8814. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v79i1.8814.

Zulkhairi, Teuku, and Ibnu Hajar. “How Jawi Script Influences Religious Attitudes: An Evidence from Aceh.” Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun 11, no. 2 (30 May 2023): 633–50. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v11i2.922.

Zulkifli. “Pemikiran Maharaja Imam Kerajaan Sambas Haji Mohamad Basioeni Imran tentang Kemunduran dan Perbedaan Pendapat Umat Islam.” Al-Hikmah: Jurnal Dakwah 15, no. 2 (2021): 297–309.

Published
2024-08-21