Between Revelation and Constitution: The Sovereignty Fiqh of Muhammad Yamin’s Sociopolitical Ijtihād
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24260/jil.v6i2.4220Keywords:
Indonesian Constitutional Law, Muhammad Yamin, Revelation and Constitution, Sociopolitical Ijtihād, Sovereignty FiqhAbstract
The crucial aspect of studying Indonesian constitutional law that is often overlooked is the dialectic between revelation (religion) and the constitution (state). This interplay significantly influences the foundational thinking of the nation’s architects and shapes constitutional law, as well as critical perspectives on colonialism. This study aims to examine the political-legal thought of Muhammad Yamin by revealing how the interaction between revelation and constitution shaped his ideas regarding the basis and sovereignty of the Indonesian state. Utilizing a textual analysis of historical documents, this research situates Yamin’s thought within the broader context of constitutional formulation as part of an intellectual resistance against colonial hegemony. The findings reveal that Yamin’s concept of sovereignty fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), which is grounded in the Islamic principle of shūrā (deliberation), represents a sociopolitical ijtihād (independent reasoning) that systematically critiques the Netherlands-Indonesia Union. Furthermore, it clearly articulates his idea of a “pembanding” or comparator, a conceptual precursor to judicial review. Theoretically, this study expands the scope of sociopolitical fiqh within contemporary constitutional discourse.
[Aspek krusial dalam kajian hukum ketatanegaraan Indonesia yang sering diabaikan adalah dialektika antara wahyu (agama) dan konstitusi (negara). Interaksi ini memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap dasar pemikiran para perumus bangsa dalam membentuk hukum konstitusi, serta memberikan perspektif kritis terhadap kolonialisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pemikiran politik-hukum Muhammad Yamin dengan mengungkap bagaimana interaksi antara wahyu dan konstitusi mengonstruksi gagasannya mengenai dasar dan kedaulatan negara Indonesia. Melalui analisis tekstual terhadap dokumen-dokumen historis, penelitian ini menempatkan pemikiran Yamin dalam konteks yang lebih luas dari proses perumusan konstitusi sebagai bagian dari perlawanan intelektual terhadap hegemoni kolonial. Temuan ini mengungkap bahwa konsep fikih kedaulatan Yamin, yang berakar pada prinsip syūrā dalam Islam, merupakan suatu ijtihad sosio-politik yang secara sistematis mengkritik Uni Indonesia-Belanda. Selain itu, konsep tersebut secara jelas mengartikulasikan gagasannya tentang “pembanding”, yang merupakan cikal bakal konseptual dari uji materiil (judicial review). Secara teoretis, studi ini memperluas cakupan fikih sosio-politik dalam wacana ketatanegaraan kontemporer.]
References
Abdulkarim, Fathi. Al-Dawlah wa al-Siyādah fī al-Fiqh al-Islāmī. Cairo: Maktabah Wahbah, 1984.
Al-Shawi, Shalah. “Naẓariyyat al-Siyādah wa Athāruhā ʿalā Sharʿiyyah al-Niẓām al-Waḍʿī,” n.d.
Anshori, Ahmad Yani, and Landy Trisna Abdurrahman. “Constitutional Contestation of the Islamic State Concept in the Indonesian Parliament 1956-1959.” De Jure: Jurnal Hukum dan Syar’iah 16, no. 2 (December 17, 2024): 278–316. https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v16i2.29572.
Arakaki, RK. “Religion and State-Building in Post-Colonial Southeast Asia: A Comparative Analysis of State-Building Strategies in Indonesia and Malaysia.” University of Hawai’i, 2004.
Ardhanariswari, Riris, Eko Nursetiawan, Syarafina Dyah Amalia, Enny Dwi Cahyani, and Rozlinda Mohamed Fadzil. “Upholding Judicial Independence through the Practice of Judicial Activism in Constitutional Review: A Study by Constitutional Judges.” Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Konstitusi 6, no. 2 (December 27, 2023): 183–207. https://doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v6i2.9565.
Asshiddiqie, Jimly. Konstitusi dan Konstitusionalisme Indonesia. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2011.
Asshiddiqie, Jimly, and Awaludin Marwan. “Proklamasi Menurut Mohammad Yamin: Berdaulat dan Berkonstitusi.” Jurnal Hukum Sasana 5, no. 1 (May 14, 2020): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.31599/sasana.v5i1.89.
Azhari, Aidul Fitriciada. Demokrasi & Autokrasi. Yogyakarta: Pandiva Buku, 2015.
Aziz, M. Abdul. “The Principles Studied in Islamic Political Thought: Revisiting Modern Political Discourse.” IJISH (International Journal of Islamic Studies and Humanities) 6, no. 1 (April 17, 2023): 65–86. https://doi.org/10.26555/ijish.v6i1.6974.
Azra, Azyumardi. Indonesia, Islam, and Democracy: Dynamics in a Global Context. Jakarta, Indonesia: Solstice Pub, 2006.
Bahtiar, Ahmad. Sastra Indonesia Modern Sebelum Kemerdekaan. Sukoharjo: Tahta Media Group, 2023.
Basir, Cik, Joni Emirzon, Muhammad Syaifuddin, and Sofyan Hasan. “Reconstruction of Sharia Economic Procedural Law in Indonesia and Comparison of Sharia Economic Cases in Malaysia and Indonesia.” Nurani: Jurnal Kajian Syari’ah dan Masyarakat 24, no. 1 (June 20, 2024): 17–36. https://doi.org/10.19109/nurani.v24i1.22625.
Bawono, Bambang Tri, Moh Nurul Huda, Ahmad Hadi Prayitno, and Moh Aris Siswanto. “Human Trafficking and the Relevance of Hifz al-Nafs and Hifz al-’Ird in Contemporary Islamic Legal Ethics.” MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2025): 597–618. https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v4i1.10694.
Bedner, Adriaan. “Autonomy of Law in Indonesia.” Recht Der Werkelijkheid 37, no. 3 (November 2016): 10–36. https://doi.org/10.5553/RdW/138064242016037003002.
Bunyamin, Bunyamin, Firdaus Arifin, Ihsanul Maarif, Robi Assadul Bahri, and Mohd Kamarulnizam Abdullah. “Reforming Indonesia’s Correctional System: The Role of Maqāṣid al-Syarīʿah in Ensuring Justice and Rehabilitation.” De Jure: Jurnal Hukum dan Syar’iah 17, no. 1 (April 1, 2025): 52–71. https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v17i1.29258.
Butt, Simon. “Islam, the State and the Constitutional Court in Indonesia.” Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal 19, no. 2 (July 28, 2010): 279–301.
Cook, Michael, and Seyyed Hossein Nasrul. “Sovereignty in Islamic Governance: Comparative Analysis with International Law.” International Journal of the Universe and Humanity in Islamic Vision and Perspective 1, no. 2 (2024): 78–86.
Darmoyo, Suryo Sumantri, Husni Husni, Eddy Purnama, and Zulfadli Zulfadli. “The Aceh Governor’s Authority in Approving Regional Police Chief Appointments: An Analysis within the Unitary State Framework.” Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun 12, no. 2 (May 30, 2024): 787–808. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v12i2.1263.
De Villiers, B., Saldi Isra, and Pan Mohamad Faiz. Courts and Diversity: Twenty Years of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia. Brill’s Asian Law Series, volume 12. Leiden, The Netherlands; Boston: Brill/Nijhoff, 2024.
Delanty, Gerard. Routledge International Handbook of Contemporary Social and Political Theory. Routledge International Handbooks. London: Routledge, 2014.
Eddyono, Luthfi Widagdo. “Independence of the Indonesian Constitutional Court in Norms and Practices.” Constitutional Review 3, no. 1 (August 2, 2017): 71. https://doi.org/10.31078/consrev314.
Elson, Robert Edward. The Idea of Indonesia: Sejarah Pemikiran dan Gagasan. Jakarta: Serambi, 2009.
Fadel, Mohammad. “Political Legitimacy, Democracy and Islamic Law: The Place of Self‐Government in Islamic Political Thought.” Journal of Islamic Ethics 2, no. 1–2 (November 15, 2018): 59–75. https://doi.org/10.1163/24685542-12340015.
Fakhria, Sheila, Kholifatun Nur Mustofa, Mohamad Ma’mun, Ahmad Wahidi, and Mochammad Agus Rachmatulloh. “Securing Muslim Children’s Civil Rights: Debate on State Legal Policy towards the Issuance of Family Cards for Unregistered Marriage Couples.” El-Mashlahah 14, no. 2 (December 26, 2024): 303–22. https://doi.org/10.23971/el-mashlahah.v14i2.8008.
Farda, Nessa Fajriyana, Micael Josviranto, Wendra Yunaldi, Markus Marselinus Soge, Edi Haskar, Robertus Dicky Armando, Sari Sari, Edy Sony, Erry Gusman, and Fery Chofa. Hukum Lembaga Negara. Padang: CV. Gita Lentera, 2024.
Farkhani, Badwan, A.G. Berutu, Zulkarnain, and F. Irfanudin. “Legal Protection of Minority Rights: Study on the Implementation of Qanun Number 6 of 2014 Concerning the Jinayat Law in Langsa City, Aceh Special Region Province.” Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam 17, no. 2 (2023): 215–32. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v17i2.7897.
Fung, Piong Khoy. “Islam and the State from the Perspective of Efforts to Establish Positive Law in Indonesia.” Proceeding International Conference on Law, Economy, Social and Sharia (ICLESS) 2 (March 24, 2024): 513–26.
Fuqoha, Fuqoha, Rahmi Mulyasih, Hasuri Hasuri, Indrianti Azhar Firdausi, and Silfi Barten. “Constitutional Rights of Citizen Journalism in Indonesia: From Maqashid Sharia Perspective.” De Jure: Jurnal Hukum dan Syar’iah 16, no. 1 (June 30, 2024): 161–78. https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v16i1.26154.
Gunawan, Restu. Muhammad Yamin dan Cita Cita Persatuan. Yogyakarta, 2005.
Habi, Nuraida Fitri, Robi’atul Adawiyah, Hermanto Harun, Ardian Kurniawan, and Rusli Abdul Roni. “Prioritizing Restorative Justice in the Settlement of the Sumbang Besak Adultery Case in Babeko Village, Jambi.” El-Mashlahah 14, no. 2 (December 30, 2024): 343–60. https://doi.org/10.23971/el-mashlahah.v14i2.8030.
Hamidi, Jazim. “Makna dan Kedudukan Hukum Naskah Proklamasi 17 Agustus 1945 dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan Republik Indonesia.” Risalah Hukum, 2006, 68–86.
Hamzah, Imron, Hisam Ahyani, Naelul Azmi, Indra Utama Tanjung, and Sérgio António Neves Lousada. “Legal Foundations for Inclusive Halal Tourism in West Java: Between Constitutional Principles and Practical Challenges.” Syariah: Jurnal Hukum dan Pemikiran 24, no. 2 (2024): 503–29. https://doi.org/10.18592/sjhp.v24i2.15513.
Hardinanto, Aris. “Autentitas Sumber Sejarah Pancasila dalam Masa Sidang Pertama Badan untuk Menyelidiki Usaha-Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Tanggal 29 Mei-1 Juni 1945.” Veritas et Justitia 3, no. 1 (2017): 43–64.
Hariyanto, Hariyanto, Muhammad Mutawalli Mukhlis, and Daud Rismana. “The Role and Authority of the Deputy Regional Head According to Islamic Principles within the Framework of Regional Government Law.” JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah) 24, no. 1 (February 7, 2025): 13–27. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v24i1.12678.
Harun, Muhamad, Fauziah Fauziah, Muhamad Sadi Is, Abdul Basir Bin Mohamad, and Abdul Haq Syawqi. “The Ideal Legal Protection of the Child Labor Rights in Indonesia: The Dimensions of Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah and the Welfare State.” JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah) 23, no. 1 (June 30, 2024): 167–78. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v23i1.10537.
Hefner, Robert W. Islam and Citizenship in Indonesia: Democracy and the Quest for an Inclusive Public Ethics. Politics in Asia. London New York: Routledge, 2024.
Husna, Nurul, M. Khoirul Hadi al Asy Ari, Sitti Suryani, Anizar Anizar, and Budi Juliandi. “Children Citizenship Status of Acehnese-Rohingya Mixed Marriage in Aceh: Maqāṣid Sharī’ah Perspective.” Al-Ahkam 34, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 169–92. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2024.34.1.20162.
Intan, Benyamin Fleming. Public Religion and the Pancasila-Based State of Indonesia: An Ethical and Sociological Analysis. Peter Lang, 2006.
Ismail, Faisal. Panorama Sejarah Islam dan Politik di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: IRCISOD, 2017.
Ismail, Habib, Dani Amran Hakim, and Muhammad Lutfi Hakim. “The Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers under Fiqh Siyasah Dusturiyah.” Lentera Hukum 8, no. 1 (April 24, 2021): 151–74. https://doi.org/10.19184/ejlh.v8i1.18725.
Isra, Saldi, ed. Indonesian Law in Transition: Perspectives, Challenges and Prospects of Ongoing Law Reform. Depok: Rajawali Pers, 2021.
Ja’far, A. Kumedi, Edi Susilo, and Mursyid Al Haq. “Construction of Contemporary Fiqh in the Disorders of Sexual Development Problems Through the Integration of Maqâshid al-Sharî’a and Medical Science.” Al-’Adalah 22, no. 1 (June 15, 2025): 63–90. https://doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v221.23825.
Jawad, Nazek. “Democracy in Modern Islamic Thought.” British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 40, no. 3 (July 2013): 324–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2013.791138.
Jubaedah, Dedah, Ending Solehudin, Ahmad Berizi, Ali Mutakin, Nurhasana Nurhasana, Parhan Parhan, and José Manuel Naranjo Gómez. “Strengthening Sharia Economics in Jayapura’s Muslim Minority Communities through Fiqh al-Aqalliyyat.” Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir’ah 23, no. 1 (June 20, 2025): 18–33. https://doi.org/10.30984/jis.v%vi%i.3265.
Judijanto, Loso, Jana Mila, H. Apriyanto, Andre Ariesmansyah, Rifqi Khairul Arifin, Regan Vaughan, Mona Indrianie, Dini Nadila, and Yaya Mulyana A. Aziz. Sistem Politik Indonesia. Yogyakarta: PT. Green Pustaka Indonesia, 2025.
Kahin, Audrey R. Dari Pemberontakan ke Integrasi Sumatra Barat dan Politik Indonesia, 1926-1998. Yayasan Obor Indonesia, 2005.
Karimullah, Suud Sarim. “The Implications of Islamic Law on the Rights of Religious Minorities in Muslim-Majority Countries.” MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review 2, no. 2 (November 9, 2023): 90–114. https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v2i2.7847.
Karimullah, Suud Sarim, Nanda Ahmad Basuki, and Arif Sugitanata. “An Ethical Analysis of the Application of the Death Penalty in Islamic Law.” Antmind Review: Journal of Sharia and Legal Ethics 1, no. 1 (June 27, 2024): 39–50. https://doi.org/10.63077/9w6s0675.
Khaliq, Sohaib. “Political Theology and Democratization: A Comparative Study of Indonesia and Pakistan.” Northern Arizona University, 2019.
Khan, Muhammad Zafrulla. Islam and Human Rights. Islam International, n.d.
Kugle, Scott Alan. “Framed, Blamed and Renamed: The Recasting of Islamic Jurisprudence in Colonial South Asia.” Modern Asian Studies 35, no. 2 (April 2001): 257–313. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X01002013.
Kuntoyo, Sutrisno. Seri Pahlawan: Prof. Muhammad Yamin S.H. Jakarta: Depdikbud, 1988.
Kurnia, and Andi Miftahul Maulidil Mursyid. “Freedom on Whose Terms? A Decolonial Re-Examination of Religion in Indonesia.” Journal of Religion and Decoloniality 1, no. 1 (June 26, 2025): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.24260/jrd.1.1.43.
Kurniana, Nela. “Sejarah Perumusan Pancasila Pancasila Sebagai Sistem Filsafat.” Lencana: Jurnal Inovasi Ilmu Pendidikan 1, no. 1 (2023): 1–14.
Kusuma, RM. A.B. Lahirnya Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. Jakarta: Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia, 2004.
Latif, Mukhlis, and Muhammad Mutawalli. “Fiqh of Civilization in Building a Legal State: The Relevance of Muhammad Arkoun’s Thought.” Al-Ahkam 33, no. 2 (October 31, 2023): 207–30. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2023.33.2.16643.
Latif, Yudi. Negara Paripurna: Historisitas, Rasionalitas, dan Aktualitas Pancasila. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2011.
Lev, Daniel S. Islamic Courts in Indonesia: A Study in the Political Bases of Legal Institutions. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972.
———. Legal Evolution and Political Authority in Indonesia: Selected Essays. The London-Leiden Series on Law, Administration, and Development, v. 4. The Hague; Boston: Kluwer Law International, 2000.
Lindsey, Timothy, ed. Indonesia: Law and Society. 2. ed., NSW: Federation Press, 2008.
Lubis, Ali Akhbar Abaib Mas Rabbani. “Religious Nation State: Bahtiar Effendy and Islamic Political Thought.” Millah: Journal of Religious Studies 19, no. 2 (July 9, 2020): 167–98. https://doi.org/10.20885/millah.vol19.iss2.art1.
Maarif, Ahmad Syafii. Islam dalam Bingkai Keindonesiaan dan Kemanusiaan: Sebuah Refleksi Sejarah. Ujungberung, Bandung: Kerja sama Mizan [dan] Maarif Institute, 2009.
———. Islam, Humanity and the Indonesian Identity: Reflections on History. Translated by George A. Fowler. Leiden University Press, 2018. https://doi.org/10.24415/9789087283018.
Mahardika, Moch. Dimas Galuh. “Pengaruh Pemikiran Ibnu Khaldun dalam Rumusan Filsafat Sejarah Nasional Muhammad Yamin.” Refleksi Jurnal Filsafat dan Pemikiran Islam 25, no. 1 (June 12, 2025): 18–36. https://doi.org/10.14421/ref.v25i1.5976.
Mahmud, Muhammad Abdi. “Mafhūm al-Siyādah al-Waṭaniyyah Bayna al-Qānūn al-Duwalī al-ʿĀmm wa al-Fiqh al-Islāmī.” Journal of Mogadishu University 8 (2022): 99–116.
Marzuki, Marzuki, and Roswita Sitompul. “The Existence of People’s Consultative Assembly in Indonesian State System in the Pancasila Democracy Perspective.” Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 11, no. 3 (June 15, 2020): 947. https://doi.org/10.14505/jarle.v11.3(49).30.
MD, Moh. Mahfud. “The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia: Separation of Powers and Independence of Constitutional Court in Indonesia.” Presented at the The 2nd Congress of the World Conference on Constitutional Justice, Rio de Janeiro, January 16, 2011.
Megawati, Megawati, and Absori Absori. “The Deliberation of Pancasila Democracy Perpective in the Indonesian Constitutional System.” Journal of Hunan University 48, no. 3 (January 1, 2021): 64–71. https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2021.03.37.
Miert, Hans Van. “The ‘Land of the Future’: The Jong Sumatranen Bond (1917–1930) and Its Image of the Nation.” Modern Asian Studies 30, no. 3 (July 1996): 591–616. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X00016619.
Muhajir, Afifuddin. Fiqh Tata Negara: Upaya Mendialogkan Sistem Ketatanegaraan Islam. Yogyakarta: IRCiSoD, 2017.
Mustofa, Kholifatun Nur, Sheila Fakhria, Milla Khumayla Quintana, Yusup Tauziri, and Dasrizal Marah Nainin. “Religious Authority and Family Law Reform in Indonesia: The Response and Influence of the Indonesian Ulema Council on Interfaith Marriage.” JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah) 23, no. 2 (December 31, 2024): 383–93. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v23i2.11849.
Nadia, Zunly, and Niswatin Faoziah. “Gender Equality within Family in Islamic Perspective: Insights from the Hadiths of Ummul Mukminin.” Jurnal Studi Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Qur’an dan Hadis 25, no. 1 (June 14, 2024): 161–86. https://doi.org/10.14421/qh.v25i1.5260.
Nasar, M. Fuad. Islam dan Muslim di Negara Pancasila. Yogyakarta: Gre Publishing, 2017.
Nasution, Kaka Avian. Moh. Yamin: Peran dan Sumbangsihnya bagi Indonesia. DIVA PRESS, n.d.
Nggilu, Novendri Mohamad, Wahidullah Wahidullah, Evi Noviawati, and Dian Ekawaty Ismail. “Indonesia’s Constitutional Identity: A Comparative Study of Islamic Constitutionalism.” De Jure: Jurnal Hukum dan Syar’iah 16, no. 2 (December 30, 2024): 480–500. https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v16i2.29851.
Noer Wahid, Deny, Isdian Anggraeny, and Samira Echaib. “The Urgency of Returning the People’s Consultative Assembly Authority in Determining the Outlines of the Nation’s Direction.” Yuridika 38, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 539–64. https://doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v38i3.36885.
Noor, Acep Zamzam. 33 Tokoh Sastra Indonesia Paling Berpengaruh. Jakarta: KPG (Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia), 2014.
Noor, Salafuddin, Ahmadi Hasan, and Nuril Khasyi’in. “Review of Political Theory of Islamic Law Abul ’Ala Al Maududy Positive Perspective of the Political System of Indonesian Islamic Law.” Syariah: Jurnal Hukum dan Pemikiran 23, no. 1 (June 27, 2023): 36–49. https://doi.org/10.18592/sjhp.v23i1.9626.
Nur, Muhammad Tahmid, Rismawati Rismawati, Amirullah Amirullah, Javaid Ahmad Wagay, and Elmiati Nurdin. “Negotiating Islamic Identity Through Cultural Adaptation: A Fiqh al-Aqalliyyat Analysis of Masselle Aseng Practice in Indonesian Muslim Minorities.” Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir’ah 23, no. 1 (June 29, 2025): 117–38. https://doi.org/10.30984/jis.v23i1.3132.
Prihantoro, Hijrian Angga, Noorhaidi Hasan, and Mohammad Yunus Masrukhin. “Islamic Law and the Politics of Nation-State: Debating Citizenship Fiqh Through the al-Maskut ’Anhu Discourse.” Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 23, no. 2 (2023): 307–28. https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v23i2.28139.
Rahmaniah, Syarifah Ema, Ali Almurthadho Hasni, Halida Halida, Syarmiati Syarmiati, Ahmad Ghozali, and Ali Akhbar Abaib Mas Rabbani Lubis. “Biopolitics and Stunting Treatment: Barriers to Community Participation in Sambas Regency, Indonesia.” Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun 13, no. 2 (May 30, 2025): 1263–90. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v13i2.1872.
Reimann, Mathias. “Nineteenth Century German Legal Science.” B.C.L. Rev. 31, no. 4 (1990): 837–97.
Ridho, Hilmi, Hamim Maftuh Elmy, and Muhammad Sibawaihi. “Fiqh al-Aqalliyat: Jurisprudence for Muslim Minorities as a Guide to Living in Non-Muslim Countries.” Syariah: Jurnal Hukum dan Pemikiran 23, no. 1 (2023): 93–106.
Ridwan, Muannif, Usman Jayadi, Sobardo Hamonangan, Daniel Tanati, and James Yoseph Palenewen. “Reconciliation of Human Rights, Positive Law, and Siyasah Syar’iyyah: An Innovative Approach to Addressing Human Rights Issues in the Contemporary Era.” MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2025): 463–87. https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v4i1.10433.
Ristyawati, Aprista, Yos Johan Utama, Lita Tyesta Addy Listya Wardhani, and Willy Naresta Hanum. “Rethinking Legislative Term Limits: Safeguarding Democratic Renewal in Constitutional State of Indonesia.” Diponegoro Law Review 10, no. 1 (April 30, 2025): 16–28. https://doi.org/10.14710/dilrev.10.1.2025.16-28.
Riyadi, Sugeng, Muhammad Fauzan, Idamatussilmi Idamatussilmi, and Asep Budiman. “The Urgency of Establishing Constitutional Court Procedural Law.” Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Konstitusi 6, no. 2 (December 27, 2023): 209–23. https://doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v6i2.9607.
Rizkianto, Anggit. Relasi Agama dan Pancasila: Mengukuhkan Karakter Kebangsaan. Pustaka Aksara, 2021.
Rofii, Ahmad. “Constitutional Limits of Islamic Law: God in the Preamble to the Indonesian Constitution.” Journal of Law, Religion and State 11, no. 1–3 (December 11, 2023): 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1163/22124810-11010001.
Ropi, Ismatu. Religion and Regulation in Indonesia. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017.
Rosen, Lawrence. The Anthropology of Justice: Law as Culture in Islamic Society. The Lewis Henry Morgan Lectures 1985. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
Rosenfeld, M. “Rethinking Constitutional Ordering in an Era of Legal and Ideological Pluralism.” International Journal of Constitutional Law 6, no. 3–4 (July 7, 2008): 415–55. https://doi.org/10.1093/icon/mon023.
Saafroedin, Bahar. “Himpunan Risalah Sidang-Sidang dari Badan Penyelidik Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (BPUPKI).” Jakarta: Sekretariat Negara, 1980.
Sachedina, Abdulaziz. “Reason and Revelation in Islamic Political Ethics.” In Religion, the Enlightenment, and the New Global Order, edited by John M. Owen Iv and J. Judd Owen. New York Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press, 2011. https://doi.org/10.7312/owen15006-009.
Sadzali, Ahmad. “Hubungan Agama dan Negara di Indonesia: Polemik dan Implikasinya dalam Pembentukan dan Perubahan Konstitusi.” Undang: Jurnal Hukum 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 341–75. https://doi.org/10.22437/ujh.3.2.341-375.
Safi’, Safi’. Sejarah dan Kedudukan Pengaturan Judicial Review di Indonesia: Kajian Historis dan Politik Hukum. Surabaya: Scopindo Media Pustaka, 2021.
Said, Muhtar. “Evolution of Judicial Review in Indonesia: A Comprehensive Legal Analysis.” Rusian Law Journal 12, no. 1 (2024): 1977–82.
Sailan, Manan. “Istilah Negara Hukum dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan Republik Indonesia.” Masalah-Masalah Hukum 40, no. 2 (April 19, 2011): 228–35. https://doi.org/10.14710/mmh.40.2.2011.228-235.
Samosir, Hasrat Efendi, Md Noor Bin Hussin, Sudianto, Marlina, and Azman. “Recontextualizing the Medina Charter: Consensus-Based Political Communication for Contemporary Plural Societies.” MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2025): 645–75. https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v4i1.10523.
“Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia, Risalah Sidang Badan Penyelidik Usaha-Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (BPUPKI) dan Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (PPKI) 28 Mei 1945-22 Agustus 1945.”
Setialaksana, Nana. “Peranan Badan Penyelidik Usaha-Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (BPUPKI) 1945 dalam Proses Menuju Kemerdekaan Indonesia.” Jurnal Artefak 4, no. 2 (September 5, 2017): 109–18. https://doi.org/10.25157/ja.v4i2.904.
Shavit, Uriya. “Is Shura Muslim Form of Democracy? Roots and Systemization of a Polemic.” Middle Eastern Studies 46, no. 3 (May 2010): 349–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/00263200902917085.
Sholihah, Hani, Nani Nani Widiawati, and Mohd Khairul Nazif bin Hj Awang Damit. “Reinterpretation of Justice in Islamic Inheritance Rights Based on Gender.” Al-’Adalah 21, no. 1 (June 25, 2024): 101–24. https://doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v21i1.21256.
Sirait, Adi Syahputra, Mhd Syahnan, and Budi Sastra Panjaitan. “Community Service Order Punishment: Alternatives in the Criminal Law System from Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah Perspective.” Nurani: Jurnal Kajian Syari’ah dan Masyarakat 24, no. 2 (October 10, 2024): 273–96. https://doi.org/10.19109/nurani.v24i2.24276.
Solehudin, Ending, Miftakhul Huda, Hisam Ahyani, Md Yazid Ahmad, Hasanah Abd Khafidz, Encep Taufik Rahman, and Moh Syarif Hidayat. “Transformation of Shariah Economic Justice: Ethical and Utility Perspectives in the Framework of Maqashid Shariah.” Al-Risalah: Forum Kajian Hukum dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan 24, no. 1 (June 30, 2024): 101–15. https://doi.org/10.30631/alrisalah.v24i1.1467.
Sudrajat, Tedi, Baginda Khalid Hidayat Jati, and Chander Mohan Gupta. “Questioning Indonesia’s Role in Addressing Rohingya Refugees: A Legal, Humanitarian, and State Responsibility Perspective.” Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Konstitusi 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v7i1.10506.
Suhaeni, Neni. Ensiklopedi Tokoh Nasional: Mohammad Yamin. Bandung: Nuansa Cendekia, 2019.
Sulaeman, Otong, Dodon Alfiander, Oktari Kanus, Sri Nur Rahmi, and Bekti Utomo. “Negotiating Gender Justice in Minangkabau Marital Disputes: Between Adat, Islamic, and State Law.” Juris: Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah 24, no. 1 (2025): 39–49. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v24i1.11848.
Susilowati, Dewi, and Hidayah Budi Qur’ani. “Analisis Puisi ‘Tanah Air’ Karya Muhammad Yamin dengan Pendekatan Struktural.” Literasi: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia serta Pembelajarannya 5, no. 1 (April 17, 2021): 38–48. https://doi.org/10.25157/literasi.v5i1.4894.
Sutrisno, Slamet. Kontroversi dan Rekonstruksi Sejarah. Yogyakarta: Media Pressindo, 2003.
Suwarjin, Iim Fahimah, M. Aziz Zakiruddin, and Bariah Safrut. “The Concept of Nationhood and the Implementation of Hadith on Nationalism in the Salafi Perspective: A Critical Study of Contemporary Islamic Law.” MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2024): 432–58. https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v3i2.9865.
Syukri, Adenan, and Syahminan. “Reinterpreting Justice in Al-Farabi’s Political Philosophy: Relevance to Contemporary Islamic Human Rights Thought.” MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2025): 489–516. https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v4i1.10466.
Tahir, Tarmizi, and Syeikh Hasan Abdel Hamid. “Maqasid al-Syari’ah Transformation in Law Implementation for Humanity.” International Journal Ihya’ ’Ulum al-Din 26, no. 1 (June 20, 2024): 119–31. https://doi.org/10.21580/ihya.26.1.20248.
Thaha, Idris, Ismatu Ropi, and Saiful Umam. “Religion and the Identity of Independent Indonesia: A Study on Religious Narratives According to the Founding Fathers.” Ulumuna 28, no. 2 (December 31, 2024): 881–910. https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v28i2.916.
Thielicke-Witt, Valerian. “Comparing Concepts of Shura – Insights for a Further Deparochialization of Democracy.” Comparative Political Theory, March 19, 2025, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1163/26669773-bja10075.
Vatter, Miguel E. Crediting God: Sovereignty and Religion in the Age of Global Capitalism. 1st ed. New York: Fordham University Press, 2011.
Wahid, Sahid, Muhammad Yusuf, and Mardan Mardan. “The Implementation of Deliberation as a Form of Collective Decision in Islamic Law.” Journal of Universal Community Empowerment Provision 4, no. 3 (December 27, 2024): 131–36. https://doi.org/10.55885/jucep.v4i3.461.
Wijaya, Aksin, Ibnu Muchlis, and Dawam Multazam Rohmatulloh. “Rethinking Gender Justice in the Quran: A Critical Exploration of Muslim Feminist Perspectives.” Jurnal Studi Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Qur’an dan Hadis 26, no. 1 (March 2, 2025): 77–98. https://doi.org/10.14421/qh.v26i1.5704.
Windy, A, and Floriberta Aning S. 100 Tokoh yang Mengubah Indonesia: Biografi Singkat Seratus Tokoh Paling Berpengaruh dalam Sejarah Indonesia di Abad 20. Penerbit Narasi, 2005.
Winet, Evan Darwin. “Between Umat and Rakyat: Islam and Nationalism in Indonesian Modern Theatre.” Theatre Journal 61, no. 1 (March 2009): 43–64. https://doi.org/10.1353/tj.0.0129.
Wiratraman, Herlambang P. “Adat Court in Indonesia’s Judiciary System: A Socio-Legal Inquiry.” Journal of Asian Social Science Research 4, no. 1 (August 12, 2022): 43–62. https://doi.org/10.15575/jassr.v4i1.62.
Yamin, Muhammad. Bimbingan Nasional Bidang Pembinaan Bangsa Indonesia Jaitu di depan Akademi Penerangan tentang Bimbingan Nasional. Djakarta: Pertjetakan Negara, 1960.
———. “Lima Uraian tentang Undang-Undang Dasar 1945: Pidato di Depan Sidang Keluarga Deparlu di Gedung Pedjambon (Djakarta: 1960).”
———. Pembahasan Undang-Undang Dasar Republik Indonesia. Jakarta: Yayasan Prapanca, 1960.
———. Pembentukan dan Pembubaran UNI. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1955.
———. Proklamasi dan Konstitusi Republik Indonesia. Jakarta: Djampatan, 1951.
———. Sumpah Indonesia Raja: Uraian tentang Rumusan dan Wudjud Sumpah Pemuda Tanggal 28 Oktober 1928 untuk Membentuk Indonesia Raja jang Merdeka. Bukittinggi, Djakarta, Medan: NV Nusantara, 1955.
Yusuf, Fakhri, T. Murdani, Fairus Fairus, Rasyidah Rasyidah, Jarnawi Jarnawi, Ahmad Zuhdi, and Syamsuddin Ab. “Wasatiyyah Da’wah and Religious Freedom in Malaysia: A Constitutional Perspective.” Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun 13, no. 2 (May 30, 2025): 1527–48. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v13i2.1452.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhtar Said, Moh. Fadli, Aan Eko Widiarto, Dhia Al-Uyun
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
