Articles

From Fatwa to Market: The Legitimacy of Religious Authority and Selective Compliance in the Boycott of Israel-Linked Products in Indonesia

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Published: 2026-08-31 Pages: 494-523 DOI10.24260/jil.v7i2.5019

Abstract

The Palestine–Israel conflict has transformed consumption into an arena of transnational solidarity through boycotts. However, how religious authority shapes consumer choices in Muslim societies and why normative legitimacy does not necessarily produce uniform compliance remain insufficiently explained. This article examines how Fatwa No. 83 of 2023, issued by the Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI, Indonesian Ulama Council), gains social recognition and shapes consumer behavior, as well as why acceptance of this norm generates varied responses. The study employs a convergent parallel mixed-methods design, integrating a survey of 975 respondents across 13 cities and regencies, observations, in-depth interviews with 91 informants, and a focus group discussion involving 15 participants representing relevant stakeholders. The findings reveal that 74.2% of respondents often or always consider the fatwa in their consumption decisions, 92.5% perceive the fatwa as influencing their selectivity as consumers, and 94.8% express a preference for national products. However, recognition of the fatwa does not translate into uniform boycott practices. The translation of normative orientations into action is shaped by humanitarian solidarity, religious considerations, anticolonial nationalism, product price and quality, consumption habits, the availability of alternatives, and uncertainty regarding product affiliations. The findings also indicate a tendency to substitute alternative products, including national products, although they do not establish a causal relationship between the fatwa and changes in market share. Drawing on Max Weber’s concept of legitimate authority, this article argues that the social efficacy of the fatwa lies in its socially recognized normative legitimacy and its capacity to orient consumption decisions, while its translation into action remains subject to interpretation and negotiation in everyday life. This article contributes to the study of Islamic law by demonstrating that the social efficacy of a fatwa as a non-state religious norm depends not primarily on the coercive power of state law but on its capacity to shape normative orientations without necessarily producing uniform compliance.

[Konflik Palestina–Israel telah menjadikan konsumsi sebagai arena solidaritas transnasional melalui praktik boikot. Namun, bagaimana otoritas keagamaan mengorientasikan pilihan konsumsi dalam masyarakat muslim dan mengapa legitimasi normatif tidak selalu menghasilkan kepatuhan yang seragam masih belum dijelaskan secara memadai. Artikel ini mengkaji bagaimana Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) No. 83 Tahun 2023 memperoleh pengakuan sosial dan mengorientasikan perilaku konsumen, serta mengapa penerimaan terhadap norma tersebut menghasilkan respons yang beragam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode campuran dengan desain konvergen paralel, yang mengintegrasikan survei terhadap 975 responden di 13 kabupaten/kota, observasi, wawancara mendalam dengan 91 informan, serta diskusi kelompok terarah dengan 15 orang yang terdiri dari berbagai pemangku kepentingan yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 74,2% responden sering atau selalu mempertimbangkan fatwa dalam keputusan konsumsi, 92,5% menilai fatwa memengaruhi selektivitas mereka sebagai konsumen, dan 94,8% menunjukkan preferensi terhadap produk nasional. Namun, pengakuan terhadap fatwa tidak diterjemahkan ke dalam praktik boikot yang seragam. Penerjemahan orientasi normatif ke dalam tindakan dibentuk oleh solidaritas kemanusiaan, pertimbangan keagamaan, nasionalisme anti kolonial, harga dan kualitas produk, kebiasaan konsumsi, ketersediaan alternatif, serta ketidakpastian informasi mengenai afiliasi produk. Temuan juga menunjukkan kecenderungan substitusi menuju produk alternatif, termasuk produk nasional, meskipun tidak membuktikan hubungan kausal antara fatwa dan perubahan pangsa pasar. Dengan menggunakan konsep legitimate authority Max Weber, artikel ini berargumentasi bahwa daya sosial fatwa terletak pada legitimasi normatif yang diakui secara sosial dan kapasitasnya mengorientasikan keputusan konsumsi, sementara penerjemahannya ke dalam tindakan tetap berlangsung melalui proses interpretasi dan negosiasi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Artikel ini berkontribusi pada studi hukum Islam dengan menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas sosial fatwa sebagai norma keagamaan non-negara tidak terutama bergantung pada daya paksa hukum negara, melainkan pada kapasitasnya membentuk orientasi normatif tanpa dengan sendirinya menghasilkan kepatuhan yang seragam.]

Keywords

Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Palestine–Israel Conflict Political Consumerism Religious Authority Selective Compliance

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Issue: Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Islamic Law

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Copyright (c) 2026 Abdul Rachman, Ibnu Hasan Muchtar, Achmad Rosidi; Retno Kartini Savitaningrum Imansah; Bahiyah Ahmad

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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How to Cite

Rachman, Abdul, Ibnu Hasan Muchtar, Achmad Rosidi, Retno Kartini Savitaningrum Imansah, and Bahiyah Ahmad. 2026. “From Fatwa to Market: The Legitimacy of Religious Authority and Selective Compliance in the Boycott of Israel-Linked Products in Indonesia”. Journal of Islamic Law 7 (2): 494-523. https://doi.org/10.24260/jil.v7i2.5019.