Articles

Tafsīr and Meaning-Making in Contemporary Fatwa Production: Interfaith Greetings in Muslim–Non-Muslim Relations

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Published: 2026-08-31 Pages: 524-553 DOI10.24260/jil.v7i2.6219

Abstract

The production of fatwas in the contemporary era faces a fundamental challenge: how can inherited textual authorities remain normatively authoritative while addressing social practices whose meanings have changed across historical and social contexts? This study examines how tafsīr (interpretation) and meaning-making mediate this challenge in contemporary Islamic legal reasoning by focusing on Egypt’s Dār al-Iftāʾ (EDI) fatwa on tahniʾah, understood here as interfaith greetings directed toward non-Muslims on their religious festivals and occasions. Using qualitative textual analysis, the study does not treat tahniʾah as a fixed legal category. Instead, it investigates how its meaning is reconstructed through interpretive engagement with Qurʾanic ethical principles, Prophetic precedents, juristic plurality, historical circumstances, and contemporary interreligious relations. The findings demonstrate that the EDI reconfigures the normative meaning of tahniʾah through a layered interpretive process that distinguishes interfaith greetings from religious participation and theological affirmation, ultimately construing the practice primarily as social courtesy, goodwill, and civic coexistence. The study argues that tafsīr is constitutive of contemporary fatwa production because interpretation mediates between inherited textual authority and contemporary social reality, while meaning-making determines how emerging social practices become legally intelligible and classifiable. This study contributes to the development of contemporary Islamic legal discourse by reconceptualizing fatwa as a hermeneutic-juridical practice: interpreting authoritative texts within socio-historical contexts and determining which meanings become legally salient.

[Produksi fatwa di era kontemporer menghadapi tantangan mendasar: bagaimana otoritas tekstual warisan masa lalu dapat mempertahankan otoritas normatifnya sembari menyikapi praktik sosial yang maknanya telah berkembang melintasi berbagai konteks sejarah dan sosial? Studi ini mengkaji peran tafsir dan proses pembentukan makna dalam memediasi tantangan tersebut dengan fokus khusus pada fatwa Dār al-Iftāʾ Mesir mengenai tahniʾah—yang dalam konteks ini dipahami sebagai ucapan selamat lintas agama yang ditujukan kepada non-Muslim pada hari raya dan berbagai perayaan keagamaan mereka. Dengan menggunakan metode analisis tekstual kualitatif, studi ini tidak memosisikan tahniʾah sebagai kategori hukum yang statis. Sebaliknya, studi ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana maknanya direkonstruksi melalui interaksi interpretatif dengan prinsip-prinsip etik Al-Qur’an, preseden kenabian, keragaman pandangan hukum, konteks sejarah, serta hubungan antar agama di masa kini. Temuan studi menunjukkan bahwa Dār al-Iftāʾ Mesir merekonfigurasi makna normatif tahniʾah melalui proses interpretasi berlapis yang membedakan antara ucapan selamat lintas agama dengan partisipasi dalam ritual keagamaan maupun afirmasi teologis; pada akhirnya, praktik ini diposisikan terutama sebagai bentuk kesalehan sosial, itikad baik, dan koeksistensi sipil. Studi ini berargumen bahwa tafsir merupakan elemen konstitutif dalam produksi fatwa kontemporer karena interpretasi menjembatani otoritas tekstual warisan masa lalu dengan realitas sosial masa kini, sementara proses pemaknaan menentukan bagaimana praktik sosial yang baru muncul dapat dipahami dan diklasifikasikan. Studi ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan diskursus hukum Islam kontemporer dengan merekonseptualisasi fatwa sebagai praktik hermeneutis-yuridis, yaitu menafsirkan teks-teks otoritatif dalam konteks sosial-historis serta menentukan makna mana yang menjadi dasar penetapan hukum.]

Keywords

Dār al-Iftāʾ Fatwa Production Interfaith Greetings Muslim–Non-Muslim Relations Tafsīr Tahniʾah

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Issue: Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Islamic Law

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Copyright (c) 2026 Kusnadi, Mubaidi Sulaeman, Tojieva Gulbahor Nomozovna, Reza Ahmad Zahid

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How to Cite

Kusnadi, Mubaidi Sulaeman, Tojieva Gulbahor Nomozovna, and Reza Ahmad Zahid. 2026. “Tafsīr and Meaning-Making in Contemporary Fatwa Production: Interfaith Greetings in Muslim–Non-Muslim Relations”. Journal of Islamic Law 7 (2): 524-53. https://doi.org/10.24260/jil.v7i2.6219.