Articles
The Judicial Interpretation of “Very Urgent Reasons”: Child Protection, Family Morality, and Marriage Dispensation in Indonesia
Abstract
Child marriage remains a complex socio-legal issue in Indonesia, particularly in marriage dispensation cases in which the statutory minimum marriageable age may be waived based on “very urgent reasons” (alasan sangat mendesak). This study examines how judges at the Gunung Sugih Islamic Court interpret and construct this open-textured legal category and how such interpretations shape the relationship between the best interests of the child and family morality. Employing a qualitative socio-legal approach, the study combines fieldwork and legal document analysis through focus group discussions, semi-structured interviews with six informants, and an in-depth analysis of 25 marriage dispensation decisions issued between 2021 and 2023. The findings demonstrate that judges construct “very urgent reasons” through four interacting forms of reasoning: juridical, theological, sociological, and psychological. This process produces a hierarchical construction of legal urgency, whereby social facts are selected, qualified, and weighted according to the immediacy of the circumstances, the objectivity of the evidence, and the risks associated with postponing marriage. Pregnancy resulting from sexual relations outside marriage is accorded the greatest legal weight, whereas risky dating relationships, economic circumstances, limited access to education, and local culture and traditions generally function as supporting or contextual factors. The study argues that judicial discretion operates not only to apply exceptions to the statutory minimum marriageable age but also to transform social facts into grounds that acquire legal legitimacy. Although the best interests of the child principle is present in judicial reasoning, its meaning is negotiated in relation to religious norms, family morality, social honor, and considerations of harm prevention. This study contributes to socio-legal and Islamic legal scholarship by demonstrating how judicial discretion mediates among state law, Islamic normative principles, and social realities in adjudicating child marriage cases.
[Perkawinan anak merupakan persoalan sosio-legal yang kompleks di Indonesia, khususnya dalam perkara dispensasi kawin ketika batas usia minimum perkawinan dapat dikecualikan berdasarkan “alasan sangat mendesak”. Penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimana hakim di Pengadilan Agama Gunung Sugih menginterpretasikan dan mengonstruksi kategori hukum terbuka tersebut serta bagaimana interpretasi tersebut membentuk relasi antara kepentingan terbaik bagi anak dan moralitas keluarga. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosio-legal kualitatif yang memadukan penelitian lapangan dan studi dokumen hukum melalui focus group discussion, wawancara semi-terstruktur dengan enam informan, serta analisis mendalam terhadap 25 putusan dispensasi kawin yang diputus selama 2021-2023. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa para hakim agama mengonstruksi “alasan sangat mendesak” melalui empat bentuk argumentasi yang saling berinteraksi, yaitu yuridis, teologis, sosiologis, dan psikologis. Proses tersebut menghasilkan pembentukan hierarki tingkat urgensi hukum, di mana fakta sosial diseleksi, dikualifikasi, dan dibobot berdasarkan kondisi faktual kasus, objektivitas pembuktian, serta risiko apabila perkawinan ditunda. Kehamilan akibat hubungan seksual di luar perkawinan memperoleh bobot hukum paling kuat, sedangkan hubungan pacaran yang berisiko, kondisi ekonomi, keterbatasan pendidikan, serta budaya dan tradisi lokal umumnya berfungsi sebagai faktor pendukung atau kontekstual. Artikel ini berargumentasi bahwa diskresi yudisial tidak hanya berfungsi menerapkan pengecualian terhadap batas usia perkawinan, tetapi juga mengubah fakta sosial menjadi alasan yang memperoleh legitimasi hukum. Meskipun prinsip kepentingan terbaik bagi anak hadir dalam penalaran hakim, maknanya dinegosiasikan dengan norma agama, moralitas keluarga, kehormatan sosial, dan pertimbangan pencegahan kemudaratan. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada kajian sosio-legal dan hukum Islam dengan menunjukkan bagaimana diskresi hakim memediasi hukum negara, prinsip normatif Islam, dan realitas sosial dalam pemeriksaan perkara perkawinan anak.]
Keywords
Best Interests of the Child
Child Marriage
Family Morality
Judicial Discretion
Marriage Dispensation
Very Urgent Reasons
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Copyright (c) 2026 Khoiruddin Nasution, Muhammad Sirojudin Sidiq, Ibnu Akbar Maliki, Chorieva Mukhlisa Jumamurodovna, Muhammad Viegri
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How to Cite
“The Judicial Interpretation of ‘Very Urgent Reasons’: Child Protection, Family Morality, and Marriage Dispensation in Indonesia”. 2026. Journal of Islamic Law 7 (2): 329-60. https://doi.org/10.24260/jil.v7i2.4295.
