Articles

Recognition without Assimilation: Fiqh of Intra-Muslim Tolerance among Shia Muslims in Jepara, Indonesia

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Published: 2026-08-31 Pages: 465-493 DOI10.24260/jil.v7i2.5999

Abstract

Sunni–Shia relations are often examined through the lenses of sectarian conflict, doctrinal contestation, and exclusion, while less attention has been paid to how Shia minorities negotiate jurisprudential differences in everyday life within Sunni-majority settings. This article explores how Shia Muslims in Jepara, Indonesia, negotiate their Jaʿfarī identity and madhhab-based religious practices within a Sunni-majority environment, and how these processes are experienced as forms of recognition in socio-religious life. Drawing on a qualitative socio-legal approach, the study combines interviews with Shia community leaders and members alongside observations of socio-religious practices. The data were analyzed thematically, with Axel Honneth’s theory of recognition serving as an interpretive framework for understanding the experiences of recognition identified in the findings. The results reveal that Shia Muslims maintain cross-madhhab family ties and communal care while openly expressing their Jaʿfarī identity and practices. They also participate in shared religious spaces and engage with Sunni Muslims in communal rituals, mutual assistance, philanthropy, and various forms of collective cooperation. These findings demonstrate that jurisprudential differences are negotiated through everyday interaction and accommodation, while religious visibility, participation, and social contribution are experienced as forms of recognition. The article argues that these patterns constitute recognition without assimilation and sustain harmonization without homogenization. Furthermore, it conceptualizes the accommodation of madhhab-based legal reasoning and practices as jurisprudential recognition and develops the fiqh of intra-Muslim tolerance as a normative-jurisprudential framework for managing the social consequences of fiqh plurality without allowing jurisprudential disagreement to become grounds for intra-Muslim exclusion.

[Relasi Sunni–Syiah sering dikaji melalui konflik sektarian, kontestasi doktrinal, dan eksklusi, sementara bagaimana minoritas Syiah menegosiasikan perbedaan jurisprudensial dalam kehidupan sehari-hari di lingkungan mayoritas Sunni masih relatif kurang mendapat perhatian. Artikel ini menganalisis bagaimana Muslim Syiah di Jepara, Indonesia, menegosiasikan identitas Jaʿfarī dan praktik keagamaan berbasis mazhab dalam lingkungan mayoritas Sunni, serta bagaimana proses tersebut dialami sebagai bentuk rekognisi dalam kehidupan sosial-keagamaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosio-legal melalui wawancara dengan pemimpin dan anggota komunitas Syiah serta observasi terhadap praktik sosial-keagamaan. Data dianalisis secara tematik, sedangkan teori rekognisi Axel Honneth digunakan untuk menginterpretasikan pengalaman rekognisi yang muncul dari temuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Muslim Syiah mempertahankan relasi keluarga dan kepedulian komunal lintas mazhab sembari menampilkan identitas dan praktik Jaʿfarī secara terbuka. Mereka juga berpartisipasi dalam ruang keagamaan bersama serta terlibat dengan Muslim Sunni dalam ritual komunal, gotong royong, filantropi, dan berbagai bentuk kerja sama kolektif. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan jurisprudensial dinegosiasikan melalui interaksi dan akomodasi keseharian, sementara keterbukaan identitas, partisipasi, dan kontribusi sosial dialami sebagai bentuk rekognisi. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa pola tersebut merepresentasikan rekognisi tanpa asimilasi dan menopang harmonisasi tanpa homogenisasi. Lebih lanjut, artikel ini mengonseptualisasikan akomodasi terhadap penalaran dan praktik berbasis mazhab sebagai rekognisi jurisprudensial serta mengembangkan fikih toleransi intra-muslim sebagai kerangka normatif-jurisprudensial untuk mengelola konsekuensi sosial dari pluralitas fikih tanpa menjadikan perbedaan jurisprudensial sebagai dasar eksklusi intra-Muslim.]

Keywords

Fiqh of Intra-Muslim Tolerance Jurisprudential Recognition Shia Muslims Sunni–Shia Relations Indonesia

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Issue: Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Islamic Law

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Copyright (c) 2026 Bayu Suratman, Fatimah Zuhrah, Suhanah, Fauziah, Titi Isnaini Fauzah

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How to Cite

“Recognition Without Assimilation: Fiqh of Intra-Muslim Tolerance Among Shia Muslims in Jepara, Indonesia”. 2026. Journal of Islamic Law 7 (2): 465-93. https://doi.org/10.24260/jil.v7i2.5999.