Parental Secure Attachment and Child Gender on Early Childhood Social-Emotional Development: A Quantitative Study

Abstract

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi adanya asumsi bahwa anak mempunyai kedekatan dengan orang tua yang berlawanan jenis dan masih rendahnya aspek perkembangan sosial emosional anak seperti kemandirian, kepercayaan diri, dan belum mampu mengungkapkan emosi dengan tepat. Kelekatan aman dan gender merupakan salah satu yang mempengaruhi sosial emosional anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh secure attachment orang tua dan gender anak terhadap perkembangan sosial emosional anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif, teknik pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner dan ceklis observasi dijabarkan melalui tabulasi kemudian diolah menggunakan software IBM SPSS23. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial variabel secure attachment orang tua (X₁) berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan sosial emosional anak (Y) dengan nilai t_hitung 11,028 > t_tabel 1,670 dan Sig. sebesar 0,000 < 0,05. Variabel gender anak (X₂) berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan sosial emosional anak (Y) dengan nilai t_hitung 2,907 > t_tabel 1,670 dan nilai Sig. sebesar 0,005 < 0,05.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan variabel secure attachment orang tua (X₁) dan gender anak (X₂) berpengaruh positif terhadap perkembangan sosial emosional anak (Y). Hal ini dapat dilihat dengan nilai F_hitung sebesar 61,710 > F_tabel 3,145 dan Sig. sebesar 0,000 < 0,05 dengan pengaruh 66,9% yang termasuk dalam kategori moderat dilihat dari uji koefisien determinasi.

This research is based on the assumption that children have closeness with parents of the opposite sex and still have low aspects of children’s social-emotional development, such as independence and self-confidence, and are not able to express emotions properly. Secure attachment and gender are two of the things that affect children’s social and emotional health. This study aims to determine the influence of the secure attachment of parents and the gender of children on children’s social-emotional development. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach; data collection techniques through questionnaires and observation checklists are described through tabulation and then processed using IBM SPSS 23 software. The results showed that, partially, the parental secure attachment variable (X1) had an effect on the social-emotional development of children (Y), with a t_cal value of 11.028 > t_table 1.670 and a sig. of 0.000 < 0.05. The child gender variable (X2) had an effect on the social-emotional development of children (Y), with a t_cal value of 2.907 > t_table 1.670 and a Sig. value of 0.005 < 0.05. The results of the study showed that simultaneously, the variables of parental secure attachment (X1) and child gender (X2) had a positive effect on the socio-emotional development of children (Y). This can be seen with an F_cal value of 61.710 > F_table 3.145 and a sig. of 0.000 < 0.05 with an influence of 66.9%, which is included in the moderate category as seen from the determination coefficient test.